So my last post referred to two situations where the art form requires cardboard villains. But what about realistic villains? John Ringo makes an argument that it is perfectly fine for a realistic character to see themselves as a villain, in contradiction to my assertion that no one’s a villain in their own mind.
Ringo writes (here, in the comments):
The truth is that many people who choose to be in positions of conflict are, at some level, what most people would call ‘truly evil.’ They are infested by demons if you will. (Strong id if you prefer.) But they CHOOSE to manifest that side of themselves only when necessary. They keep it in a box and bring it out when they face others who don’t so choose, who revel in their own evil. It is their Killer, their Machine, their Stranger. (Billy Joel song.) Cops, military, what have you. They are ‘the rough men’ who keep us safe in our beds at night and many of the very best… are more like Mike than they care for.
Now I understand the ‘infested with demons’ part–I’ll come back to that in a moment. However, I don’t think that’s the same as id. Because id and self-awareness are incompatible in my view.
That’s partially because I interpret id as truly unconscious, like Freud’s original definition. It’s also because those folks I’ve encountered who are indulging their id really aren’t reflective about who they are or what label to apply to themselves.
Now admittedly, I don’t personally know many ‘villains’, but I have known a number of addicts, and addicts are near the top of the heap when it comes to id indulgence. Someone in the throes of an addiction rarely has any conscious thoughts beyond “how am I going to get my next fix?” It’s “I”, “I”, “I”, with little thought of those around them.
Which in many cases is a good definition of villainy–being so wrapped up in their own desires and wants that other people are either irrelevant or little more than pawns/obstacles to getting what they want. Many villains are outright sociopaths, and in fact one could define ‘villainy’ as such callous disregard for others as to truly be causing evil.
For example, a kid who tortures a cat is thinking about how much pleasure he’s getting, if he’s thinking at all. He’s not about the suffering of the cat, because that’s not relevant, or he’s created a justification for why it’s okay (“it’s just a cat.”). To most observers, that’s evil. But the kid doesn’t see himself as evil because he just doesn’t think about good or evil in that context. It’s pleasure for him, end of story, right?
So… from my perspective, if someone is indulging their id, they may be evil, but they’re not self-aware enough to think of themselves as evil. Instead, they’re in their own world where ‘heroism’ is getting their ‘needs’ met. They “win” if they succeed, and they’re miserable if they fail. It’s a solo video game in their mind where the rest of us just happen to be in a real rather than virtual world.
So what about ‘infested with demons?’ I think Ringo has a good point that many ‘heroes’, especially in literature or other art forms, walk the edge between heroism and villainy. This, I think, is a good thing for fiction as it enhances the art. The struggle to stay on the right side (or the right side most of the time) adds drama and realism to the story. I think most of us have struggled with doing the right thing and resisting temptations. For most of us, though, that’s a struggle against sloth, gluttony, or other of the subtle deadly sins rather than struggling to avoid mass killing or rape.
Furthermore, bringing that ‘dark side’ out by choice to stop others (as in Ringo’s example) is clearly a case where the character sees themselves as heroic and not as a villain. It’s bringing that ‘dark side’ out for purely selfish reasons that’s in question.
And for me, the question is less, “will he or won’t he give into the dark side?” but do they think of themselves as a villain if they do choose the dark side?
An addict may make an ‘evil’ choice to surrender to the addiction. Once they’re in the throes of it, though, they don’t think about it anymore. There may have been a passing moment of ‘I’ll be a villain if I do this’ but that is quickly submerged as the appetite takes over.
A more interesting question is what levels of rationalization will a person go through to convince themselves that a choice wasn’t evil? Or that on-going action isn’t? George Lucas tried to explore this for Anakin Skywalker, and I’m not happy with the job he did. But I do know of two real life examples that shed some light on such a descent–Albert Speer and John Dean.
Speer, Hitler’s architect, made the conscious decision to avoid learning about the concentration and death camps. If he could force himself to be ignorant, then he could maintain the facade that he was a good guy and not contributing to the evils of the Third Reich.
Dean, Nixon’s legal counsel, wrote an autobiography of his years in the Nixon White House and discussed how he got so caught up in the trappings of power and the wonderfulness of it, that he didn’t want to look closely at what was going on. He tells a story of being in a hotel room and hearing Nixon tell reporters that he (Dean) was looking into Watergate, when Dean knew he was doing no such thing. Dean’s reaction was, “he mentioned my name on TV!”
Now I happen to think the whole ‘seduction’ into thinking that way is great fiction fodder. But my point was, the perpetrators didn’t see themselves as evil. They’d constructed a worldview in which they were either separate from the evil or that what they were doing wasn’t evil.
Which is what brings me back to Ringo’s quote. I still assert that realistic characters (vs. melodrama or Mary Sue characters) don’t ‘revel in their evil’ and see themselves as villains. They may have given into their id and lost self-awareness. They may have defined ‘good’ in a new way that justifies their actions. But even sociopaths just see themselves as heroes in their own mental universe.
At best, there is a moment, on the cusp of the choice, where a realistic character or real person may realize that one choice may make them a ‘villain.’ But once that decision is made, I think the internal thoughts of villainy disappear and the person becomes a hero in their own minds once again.